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The FATF Travel Rule (Recommendation 16) requires financial institutions to pass sender and beneficiary identity information along with every payment above a threshold (usually $1,000 USD equivalent). In SWIFT, this means all mandatory fields for sender name, account, and address (MT103 field 50) and beneficiary name, account, and address (field 59) must be complete. Missing data triggers RR04 or MS03 rejections.
The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Recommendation 16 is an anti-money-laundering standard adopted by over 200 countries. It requires banks to 'travel' (pass along) full originator and beneficiary information with every wire transfer above the equivalent of $1,000 USD (some countries use lower thresholds).
In SWIFT MT103, the Travel Rule is satisfied by completing: field 50A, 50F, or 50K (ordering customer — name + account + address), and field 59 (beneficiary — name + account + address). The ISO 20022 pacs.008 equivalent uses structured <Dbtr> and <Cdtr> elements including structured address.
Common Travel Rule violations that cause rejections: the beneficiary name is missing or contains only an account number; the sender's address is 'on file' rather than spelled out; the remittance field (70) is used to carry beneficiary info instead of the proper field 59.
Banks at the receiving end are required to verify that incoming payments comply and to reject or hold payments that don't. Rejection reason codes RR01 (missing debtor account), RR02 (missing debtor name/address), RR03 (missing creditor name), RR04 (missing creditor address) all map directly to Travel Rule violations.